mostafa namdari monfard

From ancient times to the Age of exploration, The Persian Gulf as a hotbed of transmission of merchandise played a pivotal role between the European World and Indian Ocean and its northern outlets had experienced a prosperous trade-off. In the 15th Venice was regarded as one of the steadiest commercial agents in the Levant. As early as the thirteenth century, the city-state seized many Islands and colonies of Byzantine Empire in Aegean and Mediterranean Seas, when she undertook carrying the crusaders to Constantinople. By the expansion of Ottoman principality, Venetians had dominated over the trade routes crossing from Egypt and Syria to southern Anatolia. The northern routes of the Persian Gulf mostly from Hormuz and Basra led to Tabriz and Aleppo. The latter was considered as a dock of the commodities that Venetians had dispatched them all over Asian Minor and Persia. But in the end of the century flourishing trade went to a wane. By analyzing the historical text, the present essay set out to survey how this process took place and what were its consequences? In the mentioned era, on the one hand changing economic policy of the Ottomans versus Venetians and on the other hand impending developments such as revolt of Salghur Shah in Hormuz or conflict of Musha'sha' forces with its rival Banū Montafiq impeded the commercial routes