سعید حاجی رضایی

NMR-based metabolomics was applied to explore metabolic impacts of diazinon on sea water adaptation of Persian sturgeon fingerlings, Acipenser persicus. Fingerlings were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of diazinon in freshwater (FW) for 96 h (short-term trial) and 12 days (long-term trial) and then exposed in brackish water (BW) (12 mg L1 salinity) for 24 h. After 96 h and 12 days exposure in FW, identified metabolites (amino acids, osmolytes, energy metabolites) showed different change-patterns compared to control group (P < 0.05) as follow: (A) short-term trial: higher plasma levels of glucose, lactate (in all diazinon-exposed fish), acetate and acetoacetate (in 0.9 mg L1diazinon treatment); lower levels of creatine (in all diazinon-exposed fish), trimethylamine-N-oxide, choline, taurine, betaine, N,Ndimethylglycine and almost all amino acids in fish exposed to high concentrations of diazinon (0.54 and 0.9 mg L1 diazinon). (B) Long-term trial: higher plasma levels of lipid oxidation metabolites and almost all amino acids in fish exposed to 0.54 and 0.9 mg L1 diazinon; lower levels of creatine, trimethylamine-N-oxide, N,N-dimethylglycine, betaine, choline (in all diazinon-exposed fish), glucose (in 0.54 and 0.9 mg L1diazinon treatments) and taurine (in 0.9 mg L1 diazinon treatment). When fish were exposed in BW for 24 h, the plasma levels of osmolytes decreased significantly in almost all experimental groups of short-term and long-term trial (P < 0.05). In short-term trial, the plasma levels of glucose in all groups and lactate in 0.18 and 0.54 mg L1 diazinon treatments increased after salinity challenge (P < 0.05). However, a significant decrease was observed in lactate levels in 0.9 mg L1 diazinon treatment (P < 0.05). Also, the plasma levels of amino acids decreased mostly in fish of control group than exposed fish (P < 0.05). The plasma glycerol concentration showed a significant decrease only in fish of 0.54 mg L1 diazinon treatment (P < 0.05). I