راضیه رضوی پاریزی

Fullerenes, a unique allotrope of carbon characterized by cage-like structures, have garnered significant attention in electrochemical applications due to their high surface area, exceptional mechanical strength, and tunable electronic properties. This paper reviews the burgeoning application of fullerenes (C (60), C (80), etc.) within various fuel cell technologies, with a primary focus on Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs). We discuss the fundamental properties of fullerenes relevant to electrochemical systems, including their electronic conductivity and redox behavior. Specific roles explored include their use as highly dispersed catalyst supports, enhancing electrochemical surface area (ECSA) and mitigating catalyst agglomeration. Furthermore, the incorporation of fullerenes into proton-conducting membranes is examined for improved proton conductivity, mechanical stability, and reduced methanol crossover in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs). We also survey experimental and modeling approaches utilized to characterize fullerene enhanced components. The review synthesizes current literature findings, highlighting the challenges related to dispersion stability and long-term performance validation, while pointing towards future research directions necessary for commercial viability. The integration of these nanomaterials promises significant advancements in power density and operational longevity of next-generation fuel cells.