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Abstract
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In this study, HKUST-1 was functionalized with silicon dioxide (SiO2) and α-manganese dioxide nanorods (HKUST-1@SiO2@MnO2 NRs), as a novel and high-performance nanostructure adsorbent. To consider the accuracy of the synthetized structure, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, and X-Ray diffraction were used. HKUST-1@SiO2@MnO2 NRs was applied for dispersive µ-solid phase extraction (DµSPE) of six commonly used parabens including methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, isobutyl-, benzyl- parabens in cosmetics prior to high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector. The linear ranges of 0.1-500 and 0.1-750 (µg Kg-1) were obtained for lipstick, mascara, face powder, face-hand moisturizing cream, baby shampoo, whitening cream, and hair gel. The limits of detection and limits of quantification values in the range of 0.027-0.033 (µg Kg-1) and 0.09-0.12 (µg Kg-1) were obtained for the target parabens in cosmetics. The intra-day precision (repeatability) and the inter-day precision (reproducibility) (%) were ≤2.2 and ≤2.6, respectively. The applicability of the method was investigated in which the recoveries (%) of 91.6-100.0 were obtained. Moreover, the application of green metrics evaluation tools including BAGI, AGREE, AGREEprep, and CaFRI affirmed the greenness of the proposed method.
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