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Title
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Novel ZnCr2O4@NDs nanocomposite for dispersive μ-solid
phase extraction of nickel, cobalt, and cadmium in water, herbal
tea, and fruit juice samples
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Abstract
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In this study, zinc chromite spinel oxide (ZnCr
2
O
4
) modified activated nanodiamonds
(ZnCr
2
O
4@NDs), as a new generation of carbon
-based nanocomposites
, were synthesized and
characterized. To assess the accuracy of the structure, some techniques such as Fourier
-Transform
Infrared Spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X
-ray
Spectroscopy, X
-Ray diffraction, and Tunneling Electron Microscopy were utilized. Application
of ZnCr
2
O
4 nanodiamonds with dispersive µ
-solid phase extraction (DµSPE) before flow injection
analysis coupled microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometry (FIA
-MP
-AES) presented
significant results for preconcentration/separation and determination of trace and ultra
-trace levels
of nickel, cadmium, and cobalt ions. The linear ranges of 0.05
-1000 (
µg Kg
-
1
) for ta
p water, green
tea
, and chamomile, and 0.05
-750 (
µg Kg
-
1
) for Hallilroud river and thyme, 0.05
-500 (
µg Kg
-
1
) for
black tea, apple juice, and peach juice for Co2+, Cd2+, and Ni2+
. The LOD values of 0.0150
-0.0155
(
µg Kg
-
1
) were obtained for nickel, cobalt, and cadmium. The intra
-day precision (repeatability)
and the inter
-day precision (reproducibility) (%) were ≤2.5 and ≤2.9, respectively. The
applicability of the method was explored in water
, herbal teas, and fruit juice samples
, which
represented recoveries (%) of 88.0
-100.0. Furthermore, application of BAGI, AGREE,
AGREEprep, and CaFRI metric tools ratified the greenness of the method.
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