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Keywords
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antibacterial, antioxidant, docking, nanoparticles, preventive dentistry
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Abstract
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Introduction: Natural products such as green propolis and cinnamon have been used
traditionally in medicine due to their medicinal value. Recently, interest has grown in
developing nanotechnology-based approaches to enhance the biological activity of
these compounds.
Objective: This study evaluated the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of
macro-sized and nanostructured forms of green propolis and cinnamon against Strep-
tococcus mutans (S. mutans) and the 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay.
Material and Methods: The sonochemical method was used to synthesize green
propolis nanoparticles (PNPs) and cinnamon nanoparticles (CNPs). Their size was
confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering
measurements, while they were compared with propolis (P) and cinnamon (C). The
antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH assay, while the minimum inhibi-
tory concentration (MIC) test determined the antibacterial activity against S. mutans.
One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc tests (α = 0.05) were
conducted to analyze the data. Furthermore, docking calculations were carried out to
examine the potential of incorporating any new supplements or therapies into your
routine.
Results: The MIC were 5.46, 21.87, 21.87, and 175 g/L for PNPs, P, CNPs, and C
groups, respectively. The PNPs exhibited the most significant antibacterial effect
while C was weakest. About antioxidant activity, PNPs and P exhibited significant dif-
ferences from other groups (P = 0.000 and 0.001, respectively), while CNPs and C
showed no significant difference between each other (P = 0.07). The docking calcula-
tions revealed a strong interaction between both nanoparticles and S. mutans. The
binding energy of dihydroflavonols on propolis nanoparticles was 6.83 kcal/mol,
indicating a stable connection.
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