Bismuth(III) nitrate pentahydrate is found as a mild and highly efficient
catalyst for the rapid synthesis of 4-amino-5-pyrimidine carbonitrile and pyrimidinone derivatives via three-component reaction of aldehydes, N-unsubstituted
amidines, and malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate under thermal aqueous conditions. The reaction protocol is rapid and simple which is followed by formation of
the corresponding pyrimidine and pyrimidinone derivatives in good to excellent
yields with high purity