Mahboube Shirani

Heavy metals pollution as an important challenge has been in the center of attention in recent years due to the environmental matters and their deadly effects on human life and all living organisms. Cadmium is categorized as one of the deadliest heavy metals for human being which directly affects the liver, kidneys, lungs, the immune system even in trace concentrations[1]. Consequently, many separation techniques have been presented to extract cadmium. Different techniques introduced to detemine cadmium. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) as a novel powerful LLME method was develpoed in which the appropriate mixture of extraction and disperser solvent are injected into an aqueous sample by syringe. However, application water-miscible organic dispersive solvents in DLLME decrease new methods were proposed to overcome this problem. In this technique an efficient persion of a low-density extraction organic solvent directly into the aqueous phase (without the need of disperser solvent), enhanced by