It has been shown that most microRNAs in animals reduce mRNA translation, and each
microRNA can bind to a large number of genes. The mechanisms of down regulation of gene
expression by microRNA can be divided into four groups: removal of poly-A tail, disruption of
translation initiation factors, interruption of translation continuity by disrupting polyribosomes
and protein degradation. In current study, bta-miR-375, which was identified in previous studies
based on microRNA expression profiles in mammary tissues of dairy cows, was introduced as an
effective microRNA in milk production. This study identified the genes that are most affected by
bta-miR-375 and also affect milk production. Mirwalk software was used to identify the target
genes of this microRNA. The functional role of target genes was determined using DAVID. After
identifying the genes affecting milk production, they were introduced to CYTOSCAPE software
to map networks of the genes and microRNA sequencing was obtained from miRbase site.
Targeted gene sequencing was obtained from NCBI global site. Ultimately, RNA Hybrid site was
used to determine the interaction between microRNA and target genes. The results of target gene
identification showed that this microRNA has binding sites on 507 genes, which according to
ontological results, 14 genes had the greatest impact on milk production and composition. The
results of network analysis showed that MET, MYOD1, CSF1 genes are the network hub genes
and bta-miR-375 is a potent inhibitor for these genes. Based on the results obtained from the
interaction of microRNA and hub genes, the binding point of bta-miR-375 and MYOD1 gene with
mfe = -30.1kcal / mol showed the highest interaction compared to the other two genes. Therefore,
bta-miR-375 has a greater impact on MYOD1 gene.