November 21, 2024
Saeed Hajirezaee

Saeed Hajirezaee

Academic rank: Associate professor
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Education: PhD. in شیلات
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Research

Title
Ameliorating effects of gingko, Ginkgo biloba extract on waterborne toxicity of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) in the Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: Growth, histology, oxidative stress, immunity, antioxidant defense and liver function
Type Article
Keywords
Ginkgo biloba Nanoparticle Fish Antioxidant
Researchers Saeed Hajirezaee, ahmad rafieepouir, Mohammad Hossien khanjani

Abstract

The potentials of gingko, Ginkgo biloba extract in ameliorating the toxicity of titanium nano-oxide (NanoTiO2) (30% of the LC50 or 1.65 mg/l) were evaluated in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Fish (n = 540; mean weight: 22.5 ± 2.1 g) were distributed into 18 tanks (n = 30/tank). The test treatments were: negative control (NC): non-supplemented and non-exposed fish, positive control (PC): non-supplemented fish exposed to 1.65 mg/ l nano TiO2, G1 + Ti: 0.5 g GIB/kg + 1.65 mg/l nano TiO2, G2 + Ti: 1 g GIB/kg + 1.65 mg/l nano TiO2, G3 + Ti: 2 g GIB/kg + 1.65 mg/l nano TiO2, G4 + Ti: 4 g GIB/kg + 1.65 mg/l nano TiO2. The experiment was done during 60 days. The nano-TiO2 treatments showed lower growth performance (P < 0.05) in comparison with nonexposed fish. Protease and lipase activities mainly decreased (P < 0.05) in response to nano TiO2 in the treatments, G1 + Ti and G4 + Ti compared to NC. The immunity was depressed (P < 0.05) in PC and fish of G1 + Ti and G4 + Ti compared to NC, G2 + Ti and G3 + Ti. Exposure to nano-TiO2 stimulated liver antioxidant enzymes almost all in PC and fish of the groups, G1 + Ti, G2 + Ti, G4 + Ti compared to NC (P < 0.05). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) elevated the treatments, G2 + Ti and G3 + Ti (P < 0.05). 1–2 g GIB/kg ameliorated the oxidative stress and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in these treatments (P > 0.05). The liver metabolic enzymes mainly increased in serum, following Nano-TiO2 exposure in PC and treatments, 0.5–1 g GIB/ Kg (P < 0.05). Nano-TiO2 caused liver and intestine lesions mostly in PC and fish of 0.5 g GIB/kg. In conclusion, our results indicated that GIB at levels of 1–2 g GIB/kg can ameliorate nano-TiO2 –induced oxidative atress and its adverse effects on immunity and liver function in the fish.