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Abstract
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In this study, AlMnCo-LDH@cigarette butts activated carbon (CBAC)@ZIF-L, a novel and sustainable nanocomposite, was synthesized and characterized using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric Analysis, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy, as well as nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms and BET analysis. The combination of AlMnCo-LDH@CBAC@ZIF-L with vortex-assisted dispersive µ-solid phase extraction (VA-µSPE) before electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry was used for the separation and determination of lead and cadmium. The linear ranges of 2–1000 (ng L-1) for tap water and Persian Gulf water, and 2–750 (ng L-1) for Oman Sea water, 2–500 (ng Kg−1) for fish, shrimp, and octopus for both Pb and Cd. The LOD values (S/N = 3) of 0.52–0.58 (ng Kg−1) and 0.51–0.56 (ng Kg−1) were achieved for cadmium and lead, respectively. The preconcentration factor of 350 was achieved for the process. The precision results, including intra-day and inter-day precision (%), were less than ≤ 2.6 and ≤ 3.1, respectively. The capability of the method was assessed in aquatics and environmental samples, which showed recoveries (%) of 90.0–99.7. Furthermore, BAGI, AGREE, and AGREEprep metrics confirmed the greenness of the method.
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