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Abstract
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Pesticides are widely used in agriculture, posing significant food safety challenges. This study examined 120
fresh pistachio samples for 211 pesticide residues. A QuEChERS method was utilized for extracting and cleaning
the samples, with analysis performed using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) and
ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Calibration curves
showed high linearity (R2 > 0.9961) across concentrations from 0.015 to 0.30 mg/kg. Recovery rates ranged
from 78 % to 117 %, with Limits of Detection (LODs) of 0.001–0.003 mg/kg. Seven pesticide residues were
detected, including acrinathrin, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, and malathion, with some exceeding Maximum
Residue Limits. Despite this, the study concluded no significant long-term health risks from pistachio con
sumption for children or adults, as assessed by probabilistic methods and Hazard Quotient rankings. The results
indicate detected residue levels do not pose serious risks to consumers.
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