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Abstract
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The achievement of a good quality of life and also a healthy life is important refers to healthy eating and food safety. Antibiotics are widely used in humans and animals. Among them, metronidazole (MTZ) is commonly applied in aquaculture and also livestock farming industries. Hence, to obey food safety rules, determination of trace/ultra-trace levels of metronidazole is essential. An immobilized dispersed-sorbent within filter syringe-based solid phase extraction (IDS-FS-SPE) method coupled with a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was developed to preconcentrate metronidazole in animal-based foodstuff. Cigarette butt-activated carbon (CBAC) decorated with CoMnFe2O4 nanoparticles was synthesized and used as the sorbent for metronidazole. The nanostructure sorbent was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques. Important factors including pH, the amount of sorbent, extraction time, ionic strength, sample volume, and desorption conditions were investigated using a matrix-matched method. The linearity of 2.5–750 µg kg−1 for milk and 2.5–500 µg kg−1 for fish and shrimp were achieved. The intra-day precision for six replicates and the inter-day precision (5 days, n = 3) replicates were achieved at ≤ 2.7 % and ≤ 3.1 %, respectively, in which the results revealed the desirable repeatability and reproducibility of the proposed method. The LOD values of 0.62, 0.66, and 0.64 µg kg−1, and the LOQ values of 2.0, 2.2, and 2.0 were obtained for milk, fish, and shrimp, respectively.
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